
After reading the first three books of Plato’s Republic, I am left completely confused and bewildered at Socrates’ reasoning. He uses logical questioning to the point of nausea. No wonder he was executed—he drove everyone crazy! He starts out in Book I questioning wealth and in a few short paragraphs he makes sense of it. Those who make money as apposed to those who inherit it are likely to love their money as parents would love their children. The greatest blessing of money is piece of mind in knowing that all debts have been paid when one dies. But then Socrates begins questioning justice and throughout the next nine pages he twists and turns the answers and questions back to where he started in the first place. At the end of Book I Socrates stated that:
[T]he result of the whole discussion has been that I know nothing at all. For I know not what justice is, and therefore I am not likely to know whether it is or is not a virtue, nor can I say whether the just man is happy or unhappy. (Plato, pp. 11)
So Socrates, after all the logical questioning did not arrive at an answer that was meaningful.
That type of logic is very reminiscent of the witch burning sketch in the movie Monty Python and the Holy Grail. The villagers brought a woman, dressed as a witch, to the town square. It was discovered that they had dressed her that way and put on a fake nose, but they insisted she was still a witch because she had a wart. The dialogue follows:
Sir Bedevere: There are ways of telling whether she is a witch.
Peasant 1: Are there? Oh well, tell us.
Sir Bedevere: Tell me. What do you do with witches?
Peasant 1: Burn them.
Sir Bedevere: And what do you burn, apart from witches?
Peasant 1: More witches.
Peasant 2: Wood.
Sir Bedevere: Good. Now, why do witches burn?
Peasant 3: ...because they're made of... wood?
Sir Bedevere: Good. So how do you tell whether she is made of wood?
Peasant 1: Build a bridge out of her.
Sir Bedevere: But can you not also build bridges out of stone?
Peasant 1: Oh yeah.
Sir Bedevere: Does wood sink in water?
Peasant 1: No, no, it floats! It floats! Throw her into the pond!
Sir Bedevere: No, no. What else floats in water?
Peasant 1: Bread.
Peasant 2: Apples.
Peasant 3: Very small rocks.
Peasant 1: Cider.
Peasant 2: Gravy.
Peasant 3: Cherries.
Peasant 1: Mud.
Peasant 2: Churches.
Peasant 3: Lead! Lead!
King Arthur: A Duck.
Sir Bedevere: ...Exactly. So, logically...
Peasant 1: If she weighed the same as a duck... she's made of wood.
Sir Bedevere: And therefore...
Peasant 2: ...A witch.
So it really didn’t matter if the woman was a witch or not, the villagers wanted to see her burn. Nor did it matter that Socrates questioned justice for nine pages in Plato’s Republic, because, in the end, none of the characters new any more about justice than what they had started with in the first place! I only see Socrates skating around the issues with more questions, and at the same time being condescending to those with whom he speaks. As I read Plato more thoroughly, I hope to gain a better understanding of Socrates and his philosophy.
- Bert Steele